What corrections are necessary if radiographs exhibit cone cuts?

Cone cuts occur when the central ray of an X-ray beam is not directed toward the center of the film or sensor, resulting in an area of the image that is not exposed. This typically leads to an unexposed section appearing on the radiograph, mimicking a cone-shaped cutout.

The correct approach to resolve this issue is to adjust the central ray to ensure it properly covers the film or sensor. By aligning the central ray with the film or receptor, the entire area being imaged will receive adequate exposure, eliminating the cone cut. This adjustment is crucial for ensuring that the radiograph captures the complete and intended area of interest.

Other potential options do not directly address the root cause of cone cuts. Increasing vertical angulation, enlarging the collimator, or decreasing the amount of filtration do not correct the misalignment of the central ray. Each of these adjustments deals with different aspects of radiographic technique but does not focus specifically on ensuring the central ray is correctly aimed at the receptor.