What factor influences the density of a dental radiograph?

The density of a dental radiograph, which refers to the degree of blackness or darkness on the film, is significantly influenced by the cathode voltage used during the radiographic exposure. Cathode voltage, part of the x-ray tube's settings, directly affects the energy of the x-rays produced. Higher cathode voltage results in x-rays that have higher energy, which can penetrate tissues more effectively. This increased penetration leads to a higher number of x-rays reaching the film or sensor, resulting in a darker image or greater density.

In contrast, factors like film speed relate to the sensitivity of the film or sensor to radiation, while patient positioning affects the quality of the anatomical representation rather than the inherent density of the image produced during exposure. The convergence angle pertains to the geometry of the x-ray beam and not directly to the image density. Therefore, cathode voltage stands out as the critical factor that influences the density of a dental radiograph.