Which factor can lead to the appearance of artifacts in a radiographic image?

Artifacts in radiographic images can result from various factors that disrupt the intended appearance of the image. Manipulation during processing is particularly critical because it involves the physical handling of the radiographic film or digital sensor and the chemicals used during development. If the film is not processed correctly—whether it's due to temperature fluctuations, uneven agitation, or improper timing—these issues can produce streaks, spots, or other unintended visual elements on the final image.

In contrast, correct film storage, the use of fresh chemicals, and consistent development time contribute to optimal imaging quality. Proper film storage prevents degradation, fresh chemicals ensure effective development without contamination, and consistent development time leads to uniform exposure. Each of these factors is important for minimizing artifacts and achieving clear radiographic images, but they do not directly cause artifacts the way improper manipulation does. Thus, manipulation during processing stands out as a primary factor leading to artifacts.