Which form of electromagnetic radiation is known to cause ionization?

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation that possesses enough energy to ionize atoms. This means they have the capability to displace electrons from atoms, leading to the formation of ions. The ionizing capability of X-rays is significant in dental radiography, as it allows for detailed imaging of teeth and bone structures through their interaction with tissues.

In contrast, other forms of electromagnetic radiation like radio waves and infrared light lack the energy necessary for ionization. Radio waves are on the lower end of the electromagnetic spectrum and are primarily used for communication, while infrared light is associated with heat and does not have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms. Ultraviolet light, while it can cause some ionization, is not as strongly ionizing as X-rays and is typically less effective in medical imaging applications. Thus, X-rays are specifically valued in dental practice for their ability to produce diagnostic images while also posing some risk due to their ionizing nature.