Which type of cells are most sensitive to ionizing radiation?

Reproductive cells are most sensitive to ionizing radiation due to their characteristics and roles in the body. These cells, which include sperm and ova, are actively dividing and have a high mitotic rate, making them more vulnerable to the effects of radiation. Ionizing radiation can cause damage to the DNA within these cells, leading to mutations that can impact future generations.

Additionally, the reproductive system is still developing in some individuals, especially in young children and adolescents, further contributing to the sensitivity of these cells. The potential for radiation-induced effects in reproductive cells is significant not only because of immediate damage but also because of the implications for hereditary conditions and impacts on future offspring.

In contrast, other cell types such as bone, muscle, and nerve cells differ in their sensitivity. Bone cells may have some sensitivity due to their role in constant remodeling, but they are generally less affected than reproductive cells. Muscle cells are relatively stable and less frequently divide, therefore they show lower sensitivity to radiation. Nerve cells are well-known for being long-lived and not frequently dividing, making them less susceptible to the damaging effects of radiation as well.